LINEN中文(简体)翻译：剑桥词典
LINEN中文(简体)翻译：剑桥词典
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linen 在英语-中文（简体）词典中的翻译
linennoun [ U ] uk
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/ˈlɪn.ɪn/ us
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/ˈlɪn.ɪn/
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C2 strong cloth made from the fibres of the flax plant
亚麻布
a linen jacket
亚麻上衣
the crumpled charm of linen
亚麻特有的皱褶效果
C2 (also linens [ plural ]) sheets, tablecloths, etc. made from linen or a similar material
（桌布、床单等）亚麻制品;仿亚麻制品
bed linen
床上用品
table linen
餐桌布
(linen在剑桥英语-中文（简体）词典的翻译 © Cambridge University Press)
linen的例句
linen
The monks wore coarse linen habits which surely blended harmoniously with the surrounding natural tones.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Further, carefully removing, then wrapping and folding the linens would be difficult and serve no useful purpose.
来自 Wikipedia
该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。
Guests were served in a dining room adorned with imported crystal and dinnerware, sterling silver and fine linens.
来自 Wikipedia
该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。
Cloth material printed with bank note patterns is used for clothing, bed linens, curtains, upholster and more.
来自 Wikipedia
该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。
The cotton and linen industries developed both putting-out structures and artisan industry, and soon the most widespread and rapid transition to factory production.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Dispensing with fermentation saved time and money - less linen was lost and more ended up as the substance of sheets.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
He chose a good crop to grow due to the fact that at 1871 there was a call for different linens than cotton.
来自 Wikipedia
该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。
Furthermore, they must purchase their place with 50 guilders, and bring a bed, 6 sheets, decent clothing and wool and linens.
来自 Wikipedia
该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。
示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。
C2,C2
linen的翻译
中文（繁体）
亞麻布, （桌布、床單等）亞麻製品, 仿亞麻製品…
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西班牙语
lino, ropa de cama, mantelería…
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linho, roupa de cama/mesa, linho [masculine]…
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लिनन, तागाचे कापड, लिननपासून बनवलेल्या चादरी…
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リンネル, リネン（シーツ、テーブルカバーなどの総称）, 亜麻布（あまぬの）…
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keten, keten bezi, masa…
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lin [masculine], linge [masculine] de maison, (de) lin…
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lli, roba…
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linnen, -linnen…
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ஆளிச் செடியின் இழைகளிலிருந்து தயாரிக்கப்படும் வலுவான துணி, கைத்தறி அல்லது ஒத்த பொருட்களால் செய்யப்பட்ட தாள்கள், மேஜை துணி போன்றவை…
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(फ्लैक्स पौधे से बना एक कपड़ा) लिनन, लिनन के बेडशीट, टेबलक्लॉथ आदि…
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અળસીના રેસાનું કાપડ, લિનન, લિનન કાપડમાંથી બનેલું…
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hør, hør-, linned…
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linne[väv], linne…
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kain linen, linen…
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das Leinen, Leinen-…, die Wäsche…
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lin [neuter], dekketøy [neuter], lin…
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کتان کا بنا ہوا کپڑا, لینن, لینن کی چادر…
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лляне полотно, білизна…
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льняное полотно, постельное и столовое белье…
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అవిసె మొక్క పోగుల నుండి తయారు చేయబడిన బలమైన బట్ట, లినెన్ / నార లేదా అటువంటిదే మరొక పదార్థంతో తయారు చేయబడే దుప్పట్లు, టేబుల్ మీద వేసే బట్టలు మొదలైనవి…
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كِتّان, بَياضات…
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লিনেন, চাদর, তোয়ালে…
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len, lněný, (stolní…
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linen…
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ผ้าลินิน…
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vải lanh, đồ vải lanh…
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płótno, bielizna (pościelowa lub stołowa ), bielizna…
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리넨…
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lino, biancheria, di lino…
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在英语词典中查看 linen 的释义
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linearity
linebacker
lined
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linen更多的中文(简体)翻译
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bed linen
table linen
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wash your dirty linen in public idiom
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wash your dirty linen in public idiom
“每日一词”
veggie burger
UK
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/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɜː.ɡər/
US
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/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɝː.ɡɚ/
a type of food similar to a hamburger but made without meat, by pressing together small pieces of vegetables, seeds, etc. into a flat, round shape
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What Is Linen Fabric? Linen vs. Cotton
What Is Linen Fabric? Linen vs. Cotton
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What Is Linen Fabric? Linen vs. Cotton
Everything you should know about linen, from composition to benefits and uses
By
Lauren Flanagan
Lauren Flanagan
Lauren Flanagan wrote about decor for The Spruce for nearly two years, focusing on interior decor. She has written extensively about home and gardens for various publications including Canadian Gardening, Canadian Home & Country, and Connected Rogers Magazine.
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Updated on 12/02/23
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The Spruce / Meg MacDonald
In This Article
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What Is Linen?
Linen vs. Cotton
Benefits and Uses
Types
Care
History
How It's Made
FAQ
Back to Top
Linen fabric is a natural textile made from plant fibers for clothing, curtains, tablecloths, pillows, rugs, rope, and more. Throughout the history of textiles, they have been so popular for their breathability, durability, and versatility that "linens" is a word used today to refer to all laundry. Linen is prone to wrinkling and stiffness, so it gave way to cotton, another natural plant fiber, in popularity. However, it is often blended with cotton to give it softness and loosen creases.
What Is Linen?
Linen is a lightweight, sustainable fabric made from flax fibers. Flax comes from a flowering annual plant, Linum usitatissimum, growing about 3 to 4 feet tall. The tall varieties make fabric; the seeds make linseed oil and flax milk.
The taller the flax plant, the longer the fiber. It is the world's strongest natural fiber, far more durable than cotton. It grows fast in temperate climates, ready for harvest after 100 days, preferring full sun and moist soil.
Linen vs. Cotton
Linen and cotton are similar fabrics made from plant fibers with many of the same qualities. While cotton fabric is derived from the fibers in the bolls that grow around the plant's seed heads, linen is made from fibers in the stems of the flax plant.
Linen has some advantages over cotton and some deficits. Linen can be two to three times stronger than cotton and dries much faster—a quality that helps dissipate heat faster. But it is also more expensive and less elastic, so it wrinkles more than cotton.
The Benefits and Uses of Linen
Linen has been a popular choice over millennia, with good reason.
Absorbent: Its porous nature and moisture-wicking properties make it a popular summer fabric for clothing or bedding.
Conducts heat: Linen is a natural conductor of heat, keeping you warm but retaining the heat in its fibers, not your skin.
Breathable: This fabric allows more airflow to and from your body, making your linen clothes feel airy and comfortable to wear.
Easy to dye: Its natural fibers hold dye colors better than other materials; thus, the fabric is available in almost any imaginable color.
Antibacterial and hypoallergenic: Linen is naturally antibacterial and antifungal, making it a popular choice for bandages and bed linens for centuries. It's hypoallergenic, making it a good alternative for people with allergy sensitivities.
Long-lasting: It is one of the longest-lasting natural fabrics, outpacing cotton, and can last 30-plus years.
Eco-friendly: This sustainable textile is quickly biodegradable, requires less water than cotton to cultivate, and can grow in challenging environments, making it an earth-friendly choice.
Types of Linen Fabric
Linen types can be distinguished by their texture, weave pattern, and how they are woven.
Damask linen: This is a very ornate and delicate form of linen fabric woven on special looms. The fabric resembles fine embroidery. It is generally used in craft items rather than for apparel and other uses.Plain-woven linen: This relatively rough-textured fabric is often used in hand and bath towels. It is a surprisingly durable fabric.Loosely woven linen: This utilitarian fabric is often used in reusable diapers and crafting cloths. It is not a very durable fabric.Sheeting linen: This closely woven fabric is commonly used in apparel and linen bedding. It has an untextured, soft surface. The thread count is generally relatively high, making for a durable, dense fabric.Linen blend: Often combined with cotton, it combines the best qualities of cotton and linen with improved softness and wearability, making it less prone to creases. Linen blends are also less expensive than pure linen.
The Spruce / Meg MacDonald
Linen Care
Linen is notorious for being wrinkly. If you like the look and feel of linen clothing, learn how to iron linen to keep wrinkles at bay unless you want to embrace the wrinkles for a more casual look. High heat on your iron and a touch of spray starch (especially on collars) will get you smooth and crisp results. But don't be fooled—once you wear your linen garment, it's bound to get at least a little wrinkly.
To avoid wrinkles, opt for linen blend fabrics. Be sure your linen clothes are completely dry before wearing them, as wrinkles can be even more exaggerated when the material is damp.
What Is Starch?
Laundry starch is a spray typically made from water and cornstarch. The product adds body and crispness to the fabric, defends against stains and pilling, reduces static, and makes ironing easier.
This fabric will soften as you wear it over time. If you want the fabric to remain crisp and sturdy, dry clean your linen clothing. A big plus is that linen can be washed in the washing machine, but much like cotton, it can shrink. Wash linen items in cold or warm water. Be careful when removing stains from linen since some dyed linen may not be colorfast. Test an inconspicuous spot for colorfastness.
The Spruce / Meg MacDonald
The History of Linen Fabric
The flax plant has been cultivated in almost every country and used to make fiber for thousands of years. Historical evidence points to its use by humans dating back more than 35,000 years in Paleolithic times from an archeological dig site in the common-day Republic of Georgia. It was once so precious that it was used for wrapping the bodies of mummies in Egypt, contributing to preserving these ancient treasures.
Linen's antibacterial and antifungal properties have made it an important textile for use on battlefields throughout history. Today, linen is blended with cotton to make the sturdy, paper-like substance used to create American dollar bills. Historically, Europe was one of the largest producers of linen, with France as the largest producer in Europe. Today, China produces the most flax into yarn in the world.
How Is Linen Fabric Made?
Modern-day linen is still made much like it was made in ancient Egypt. The plants are cut or pulled by hand from the ground (it's said that pulling creates finer linen). The flax is dried for several weeks. Next comes threshing (winnowing or ripping) or removing the seeds. In some cases, the flax was harvested before the seeds were ready, making for a stronger fiber.
Retting or steeping in water removes the fibers from inside the flax plant stalk. Soaking breaks down the cells inside the plant, enabling the collection of unbroken fibers. The getting process removes the plant stock from the fibers. Once the fibers are separated to collect the longest pieces, up to nearly 8 inches long, they are spun into yarn and woven into fabric.
FAQ
How much does linen fabric cost?
On average, linen fabric costs several dollars a yard for low quality and up to $20 for higher quality. Organic linen is the priciest.
Is linen better than cotton?
Linen is better than cotton regarding durability and breathability, but cotton is softer and less wrinkly.
What is linen made out of?
Linen is made of flax plant fibers.
The 6 Best Bamboo Sheet Sets of 2024, Tested and Reviewed
Article Sources
The Spruce uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Oldest known fibers to be used by humans discovered. The Harvard Gazette.
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linen_百度百科
n_百度百科 网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10linen播报讨论上传视频英语单词linen，英语单词，主要用作名词、形容词。作名词时意为“亚麻布，亚麻线；亚麻制品；利嫩（人名）”，作形容词时意为“亚麻的；亚麻布制的”。 [1]外文名linen词 性名词、形容词单词发音英[ˈlɪnɪn]，美[ˈlɪnɪn]类 别英语单词目录1单词释义2短语搭配3双语例句单词释义播报编辑英 [ˈlɪnɪn] 美 [ˈlɪnɪn] n. 亚麻布；家庭日用织品；<旧>内衣裤adj. 亚麻的，亚麻布制的【名】 （Linen）利嫩（人名）[ 复数 linens ] [1]短语搭配播报编辑dirty linen 家丑table linen 餐布，餐桌用布linen yarn 纺织品英语 ; 亚麻纱线 ; 巴基斯坦采购麻纱linen canvas 亚麻帆布 ; 亚麻纤维画布 ; 服装类型英语 ; 优质油画布Linen Wedding 周年 ; 麻婚 ; 麻纱婚 ; 亚麻婚bed linen 床上用品 ; 被单和枕套 ; 床单 ; 床用织物Linen Yarn Series 亚麻系列纱线 ; 亚麻系列 ; 纱线linen checks 亚麻格子布 ; 服装类型英语 ; 亚麻条格布Linen cloth 亚麻布 ; 亚夏布 ; 亚麻布料LINEN TYPE CLOTH 仿麻布 ; 仿亚麻织物 ; 仿夏布linen paper 亚麻布纸 ; 布纹纸 [1]双语例句播报编辑1、This material is linen. 这块料子是麻的。2、From it he took a large, heavy linen bag and brought it to the child. 他从那里拿来一个又大又重的亚麻布口袋，递给孩子。3、In the late 17th century, French refugees arrived here and developed the linen industry. 17世纪晚期，法国难民来到这里，发展了亚麻工业。 [1]新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备110000020000What is Linen Fabric: Properties, How its Made and Where | Sewport
is Linen Fabric: Properties, How its Made and Where | SewportLog inSign UpPRICINGLEARNBLOGDIRECTORYFABRICSBROWSE SERVICE PROVIDERSABOUT USHOW IT WORKSFOR BRANDSFOR MANUFACTURERSLOGINSIGN UPPRICINGBLOGDIRECTORYFABRICSHOW IT WORKSBROWSE SERVICE PROVIDERSABOUT USHOW TO USE SEWPORTSUPPORTLog inSign UpWhat is Linen Fabric: Properties, How its Made and Whereby Sewport Support Team• March 07, 2024 • 10 min readShareTable of contents What Is Linen Fabric?History of LinenLinen TodayHow Is Linen Fabric Made?1. Planting2. Growth3. Harvesting4. Fiber Separation5. Breaking6. Combing7. Spinning8. Reeling9. DryingHow Is Linen Fabric Used?Where Is Linen Fabric Produced?How Much Does Linen Fabric Cost?What Different Types of Linen Fabric Are There?1. Damask linen2. Plain-woven linen3. Loosely-woven linen4. Sheeting linenHow Does Linen Fabric Impact the Environment?Linen Fabric Certifications Available
Fabric name
Linen
Fabric also known as
Flax fabric
Fabric composition
Spun fibers from the stalks of flax plants
Fabric possible thread count variations
200-2,000
Fabric breathability
Highly breathable
Moisture-wicking abilities
High
Heat retention abilities
Low
Stretchability (give)
Low
Prone to pilling/bubbling
Low
Country where fabric was first produced
Prehistoric Europe
Biggest exporting/producing country today
China
Recommended washing temperatures
Cold, warm, or hot
Commonly used in
Bed sheets, pillowcases, blankets, dish towels, bath towels, wallpaper, upholstery, skirts, shirts, suits, dresses, luggage, thread, aprons, bags, napkins, tablecloths, diapers
Linen Seafoam GreenWhat Is Linen Fabric?
Linen is a flax-based textile that is predominantly used for homeware applications. While linen is similar to cotton, it is made from fibers derived from the stems of the flax plant instead of the bolls that grow around cotton seeds.
Garments made of linen are desirable in hot and humid climates. Unlike cotton, which tends to retain moisture for a significant period of time, linen dries quickly, which helps reduce heat retention in overly warm conditions.
Manufacturing linen, however, is much more time and resource-intensive than making cotton, which has led to a steady reduction in popularity of this fabric that began with the invention of the
cotton gin. Nevertheless, the unique desirable attributes of linen have prevented the total cessation of global production of this textile, and certain countries, such as China, continue to make linen in reasonably large quantities.
Before we proceed, it’s important to clarify the difference between the phrases “linen” and “linens.” While “linen” is used to refer to the flax-based fiber that is commonly used in homewares and certain forms of apparel, “linens” is a phrase that people use to refer to certain kinds of household items and apparel but may be made from fibers other than flax fiber. The phrase “linens” dates back to a time in which almost all underwear, bed sheets, and towels were made from linen, but these days, this anachronistic phrase can sometimes be confusing.
Linen A Line Maxi SkirtHistory of Linen
While evidence is scant from prehistoric times, it appears that Neolithic peoples in Europe were making textiles from linen as long as
36,000 years ago. Therefore, linen is one of the longest-produced textiles, and its history may stretch back even farther than the most ancient evidence that modern archaeology has uncovered.
The next piece of historical evidence of linen use comes from ancient dwellings that were built on Switzerland’s lakefronts around 10,000 years ago, and according to archaeologists, linen was first domesticated in ancient Mesopotamia. While the use of linen for garments in Mesopotamia was mainly reserved for the ruling class, the use of linen in Ancient Egypt was much more widespread.
Due to the Egyptian climate, it was necessary to devise apparel that resisted the sun’s rays and allowed rapid sweat cooling. Since linen is naturally white, this fabric was an obvious choice, and its breathability and lack of moisture retention rapidly caused it to become the most popular and valuable textile in Egypt.
In fact, the Ancient Egyptians sometimes used linen as a bonafide type of currency. This fabric was also used to make the burial shrouds and wrappings for mummies.
The Ancient Greeks used linen to make garments and homewares, and the Phoenicians later introduced linen production to Western Europe. However, historical records suggest that there was no effort on behalf of European powers to regulate flax production among farming communities until the 12th century AD.
Later, Ireland became the center of European linen production, and by the 18th century, the town of Belfast became known as “Linenopolis” because of its thriving line trade. Linen remained popular throughout the colonial era, but as cotton production became cheaper and easier, the central role that linen used to hold within Europe’s textile economy gradually diminished.
Ultra luxurious 100% pure French linen sheet set in BlushLinen Today
These days, linen is primarily a niche product that remains in production to manufacture a handful of textile products. Despite its rich history, linen is no longer in vogue due to the laborious and time-intensive processes used to make this fabric. Ironically, production difficulties originally disincentivized linen production thousands of years ago; while the challenges facing line producers today are quite different than they were in antiquity, this fabric remains finicky and expensive to produce.
Buy high-quality, low-priced linen fabric
here
. If you are UK based, you can buy it
here
.
How Is Linen Fabric Made?
The constituent material for linen fabric is the cellulose fiber found in the stems of linen plants. Like the stalks of many similar plants, linen stalks consist of a woody, reedy interior section and a fibrous, stringy exterior section.
To prepare for linen production, manufacturers of this fiber start by separating flax fibers from the woody interior of flax stems. Traditionally, this step has been accomplished by soaking raw flax stalks, but these days, manufacturers may use chemicals to achieve the same effect. Before flax fibers are spun into yarn, these chemicals are washed away, but residual toxic substances may remain on chemically-separated flax fiber.
1. Planting
Flax plants are ready for harvesting after about 100 days of growth. Since flax plants do not tolerate heat, they must be planted in the cooler part of the year to avoid crop death.
2. Growth
These days, flax seeds are usually sown with machines. Since flax plants don’t effectively prevent the incursion of weeds, herbicides and tilling are generally used to prevent reduced yields in flax crops.
3. Harvesting
Once flax stems are yellow and their seeds are brown, these plants are ready to be harvested. While it’s possible to harvest flax by hand, machines are usually used for this process.
4. Fiber Separation
After flax stalks are harvested, they are processed through a machine that removes leaves and seeds. Then, manufacturers separate flax’s fibrous outer stalk from its soft, woody interior. This process is called retting, and unless it is expertly accomplished, the delicate flax fibers used for textile production could be damaged.
5. Breaking
Next, the decomposed stalks are broken up, which separates the unusable outer fibers of flax stalks from their usable inner fibers. To accomplish this step, the flax stalks are sent through rollers that crush them, and then rotating paddles remove the outer fibers from the stalks.
Mustard Linen Shawl Collar Wrap Dress6. Combing
Now that the inner fibers are separated from the other fibers, they can be combed into thin strands. Once the fibers have been combed, they will be ready for spinning.
7. Spinning
Spinning of flax yarn used to be accomplished with a foot-powered flax wheel, but these days, flax producers use industrial machines for this process. To spin flax fibers, these short, combed fibers are connected with devices called spreaders, and the resulting strings, called rovings, are then ready to be spun.
8. Reeling
After being spun on a spinning frame, the resulting yarn is reeled onto a bobbin. To ensure that flax yarn won’t fall apart, it’s necessary to perform this reeling process in wet, humid conditions, and the spun yarn is run through a hot water bath to further ensure yarn cohesion.
9. Drying
Finally, flax manufacturers dry the finished yarn and reel it onto bobbins. The yarn is then ready to be dyed, treated, and made into apparel, homewares, or other types of textile products.
Shop a wide variety of linen fabrics
here
for US and rest of world
here
and
here
if you are UK based.
How Is Linen Fabric Used?
Historically, linen was one of the world’s most popular textile products. From Ancient Egypt to Renaissance Ireland, many cultures used linen as their predominant source of apparel and homeware fiber.
These days, linen is used for many of the same purposes that it was used historically, but this fiber makes up a drastically smaller percentage of the global textile market. Additionally, many of the original applications of linen, such as shirts and pants, have largely been replaced with cotton.
In hot climates, however, linen is still used to produce everyday clothing in large quantities. People living near equatorial regions can benefit from linen’s high moisture-wicking but low moisture-retaining profile, and the natural white color of this fabric inherently reflects heat-inducing solar rays.
Manufacturers can use linen to make practically anything commonly made from cotton or wool. For instance, this fabric can be used to make shirts, pants, dresses, skirts, jackets, blazers, vests, and a wide variety of other casual and formal wear. Additionally, linen is still a popular material for lingerie and underwear, and it’s also commonly used in nightgowns and dressing robes.
Outside the realm of apparel, linen remains popular as a homeware material. It’s especially common to find napkins and tablecloths made from linen, and while cotton is more popular for towels these days, it’s also possible to find hand towels, kitchen towels, and bath towels made from linen.
Bedding is another arena in which cotton has all-but supplanted linen, but it’s still possible to find linen pillowcases and sheets. One advantage of linen in bedding is this textile’s durability; it’s possible to achieve higher thread counts in linen than in cotton without encountering durability issues. One of the lone industrial applications of linen is in the production of canvases for painting.
Where Is Linen Fabric Produced?
As with most textiles, China is currently the largest producer of linen. However, the production of high-quality linen products remains an important part of the cultures of many European countries, and Ireland, Italy, and Belgium remain significant linen producers. Linen used predominantly for homewares is also produced in the United States in relatively large quantities.
How Much Does Linen Fabric Cost?
Data on the price of unprocessed linen yarn per pound are not available, but prices of woven linen fabric fluctuate between $5 and $12 per yard. At these prices, linen is one of the most expensive natural fibers in the world, but it is incontestable that linen remains highly in demand for specific niche applications.
What Different Types of Linen Fabric Are There?
While all types of linen fabric are derived from processed and spun flax fiber, there are four main variations in weaving techniques that result in different types of linen fabric:
1. Damask linen
This type of linen is ornate and delicate, and it is formed on a jacquard loom to produce an end result that’s similar to embroidery. Damask linen isn’t designed for everyday use, and it’s more common in decorative items.
2. Plain-woven linen
Plain-woven linen is commonly used to make dish towels, cotton towels, and hand towels. Since it is relatively loosely-woven, it is highly durable, but it doesn’t suffer from a significant decrease in durability.
3. Loosely-woven linen
Loosely-woven linen is highly absorbent, but it is the least-durable type of linen fabric. It is commonly used to make reusable diapers and sanitary napkins.
4. Sheeting linen
Linen apparel is usually made from sheeting linen due to its untextured, soft surface and close weave. This type of linen usually has a higher thread count than other forms of linen fabric.
Linen wrap skirtHow Does Linen Fabric Impact the Environment?
The main environmental concern regarding linen production is the release of chemicals used in the retting process into surrounding ecosystems. Most commonly, alkali or oxalic acid are used to separate flax fibers from the woody interior of flax stems, and while chemical retting of flax is undeniably faster and more efficient, both alkali and oxalic acid are toxic in relatively low concentrations.
Therefore, water retting of flax stems is preferred for environmental reasons, and to be certified as organic, it’s generally necessary for flax fiber to be water-retted. Since flax is already such an expensive fiber, however, water retting simply compounds on this increased cost to make organic flax less accessible to most consumers.
In addition to concerns over the release of toxic chemicals into the environment, there may also be land use concerns over flax production. Specifically, most cultivation processes used to grow flax degrade soil, which can lead to soil erosion and expansion of agricultural lands into neighboring wilderness areas.
Furthermore, most textile production around the world is inhumane. The vast majority of textile workers are essentially slave laborers who are forced to endure horrific working conditions for insufficient pay. As a result, the ability of linen workers to contribute to local economies is diminished, and stewardship of the land takes a backseat to the pressing day-to-day struggle to survive.
Overall, however, linen is one of the least environmentally damaging textiles. Unlike synthetic textiles, natural fabrics like linen are biodegradable, which means that their constituent molecules reabsorb into the surrounding environment within a matter of years instead of centuries. Natural fibers also don’t contribute to the ongoing
microfiber pollution crisis in the hydrosphere, which threatens aquatic and human life.
If linen is cultivated in accordance with proper stewardship of the land, it is not environmentally harmful. To meet the global demand for linen products without incurring prohibitive overhead costs, however, the majority of linen producers choose to use inexpensive processes that may be environmentally damaging.
Linen Fabric Certifications Available
A variety of linen fabric certifications are available to ensure that linen fibers are produced with sustainable and responsible means. For instance, linen is eligible for organic certification by both the
United States Department of Agriculture and the
European Union’s organic certification program as long as it adheres to the standards for organic agriculture imposed by these organizations.
Another independent organization,
OEKO-TEX, certifies the safety of linen used for a variety of consumer applications. OEKO-TEX does not provide organic certification; rather, it merely confirms that there are no toxic substances present in linen products intended for the end consumer.
ShareAbout the author:Sewport Support Team is the founder and CEO of Sewport - an online marketplace connecting brands and manufacturers, former founder of various clothing manufacturing services. He is passionate about e-commerce, marketing and production digitisation. Connect with Boris on LinkedIn.Start your projectRecent POSTsWhat is Ikat Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereWhat is Leather Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereWhat is Merino Wool Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereRead more articles You may also likeNovember 13, 2019What is Ikat Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 30, 2020What is Leather Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 30, 2020What is Merino Wool Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 30, 2020What is Angora Wool Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 30, 2020What is Jacquard Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 30, 2020What is Lame Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 30, 2020What is Microfibre Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 30, 2020What is Organdy Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 30, 2020What is Velour Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 30, 2020What is Soy Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereMarch 18, 2019What is Taffeta Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 09, 2020What is Baize Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 09, 2020What is Batiste Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 09, 2020What is Brocade Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 09, 2020What is Canvas Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 09, 2020What is Charmeuse Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 09, 2020What is Felt Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 09, 2020What is Corduroy Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 09, 2020What is Jersey Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 09, 2020What is Lace Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 09, 2020What is Lawn Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereOctober 09, 2020What is Shantung Fabric: Properties, How its Made and WhereConcentrate on what’s important. Leave the rest to us.MENUHomeManufacturersSupportLearnCOMPANYAbout usContactFAQPressAvailable onBLOGTOP POSTSA Simple Guide to Working With Clothing Manufacturers (Bonus Tips)Cost of Starting a Clothing Line (2019 Industry Research)Sizing guide tool for high-street shopsFashion Designer - Is a Fashion Degree Worth It? (2019 Cost Analysis)Which Countries Have the Best Clothing Manufacturers(Industry Research)Garment Labelling Requirements for Clothing (Full Guide)7 Best Ways You Can Promote Your New Clothing Brand OnlineHow Clothes Are Made In 9 Steps (A Look Into A Big Clothing Factory)How To Do a Successful Fashion Photoshoot (Best Tips 2019)Best Tips on Starting A Clothing Line (From 40+ Expert Fashion Designers)Top Fashion Trade Shows to Attend & How To Prepare for an ExhibitHow to Become a Fashion Designer in 2019 (new complete guide)Fashion Apprenticeships - How They Can Boost Growth In Your BusinessFashion Tech Pack - Avoid Manufacturing Errors (Ultimate Guide Book)More posts here >DIRECTORYBY COUNTRY AND CITYUK Top Clothing ManufacturersLondon Top Clothing ManufacturersUSA Top Clothing ManufacturersLos Angeles Top Clothing ManufacturersNew York Top Clothing ManufacturersCanada Top Clothing ManufacturersToronto Top Clothing ManufacturersAustralia Top Clothing ManufacturersCanberra Top Clothing ManufacturersSydney Top Clothing ManufacturersChina Top Clothing ManufacturersShanghai Top Clothing ManufacturersAsia Top Clothing ManufacturersEurope Top Clothing ManufacturersPakistan Top Clothing ManufacturersBangladesh Top Clothing ManufacturersBulgaria Top Clothing ManufacturersIndia Top Clothing ManufacturersItaly Top Clothing ManufacturersPoland Top Clothing ManufacturersPortugal Top Clothing ManufacturersTurkey Top Clothing ManufacturersSpain Top Clothing ManufacturersVietnam Top Clothing ManufacturersRomania Top Clothing ManufacturersBY GARMENT TYPEChildren’s Clothing ManufacturersDress ManufacturersJeans ManufacturersMaternity Activewear ManufacturersShirt ManufacturersSports Clothing ManufacturersSwimwear ManufacturersT-Shirt ManufacturersUnderwear ManufacturersTerms & ConditionsPrivacy PolicyAgreement for manufacturersSitemap© 2020 Beila Ltd. All rights registeredJust before you goWe can help you take the next stepLearn moreDid you know we helped over 7000 brands find garment manufacturers and specialists and we can help you too... how?Brands using Sewport usually save around 60% on start-up costs.Learn m
Linen | Natural Fibers, Sustainable & Durable | Britannica
Linen | Natural Fibers, Sustainable & Durable | Britannica
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Academia - Novel pre-treatment processes to promote linen-containing fabrics properties
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linen, Fibre, yarn, and fabric made from the flax plant. Flax is one of the oldest textile fibres used by humans; evidence of its use has been found in Switzerland’s prehistoric lake dwellings. Fine linen fabrics have been discovered in ancient Egyptian tombs. The fibre is obtained by subjecting plant stalks to a series of operations, including retting (a fermentation process), drying, crushing, and beating. Linen is stronger than cotton, dries more quickly, and is more slowly affected by exposure to sunlight. Low elasticity, imparting a hard, smooth texture, makes linen subject to wrinkling. Because linen absorbs and releases moisture quickly and is a good conductor of heat, linen garments feel cool to wearers. Fine grades of linen are made into woven fabrics and laces for apparel and household furnishings.
This article was most recently revised and updated by Robert Curley.
What Is Linen Fabric And How Sustainable Is It?
What Is Linen Fabric And How Sustainable Is It?Skip to content Menu LIFESTYLELIVINGZERO WASTEFASHIONTHRIFTINGBEAUTY & PERSONAL CARETRAVELTECHNOLOGYPODCASTABOUTAboutGIVINGSUBSCRIBEPRIVACY POLICYImage by evgeniia rusinovaWhat Is Linen Fabric?: Digging To The Roots Of Linen SustainabilitySeptember 18, 2023Heather SeelyIn a world where fast fashion trends come and go faster than you can say “wardrobe malfunction,” one fabric has managed to stand the test of time.Linen, with its breezy elegance and timeless appeal, has been gracing closets for centuries, making it the ultimate fashion chameleon.In fact, linen is one of the oldest natural fibers around—it goes back thousands of years, from the mummies in Ancient Egypt to baby Jesus.But as the world becomes increasingly conscious of the environmental footprint of its clothing choices, we need to understand two things: what is linen fabric and is linen sustainable?Or is it merely another trend wrapped in eco-friendly packaging?Let’s unravel the threads of linen sustainability and discover if it’s the real deal or just another fashion fib. Is Linen Eco-Friendly? Let’s Consider:What is linen made of?How is linen made?Is linen environmentally friendly?Is linen made ethically?What are linen material properties?How to care for linenLinen vs other natural fabricsBrands using linen fabric1. What Is Linen Made Of?Image by terra24Like other bast fibers (those made from the stem of a plant), linen is made from fibers of the beautiful, blue-flowered flax plant. The word “linen” is derived from the plant’s Latin name: linum usitatissimum.For thousands of years (36,000, to be exact, according to anthropological evidence), flax has been used to make fiber, and it has been grown in nearly all countries around the world.As such, it bears a lot of cultural and spiritual significance, with mentions in the Bible and other religious texts.In Ancient Egypt, linen was valued so much that it was used as currency. It also symbolized light, purity, and wealth, hence it was the fabric of choice in mummification, at a thread count much finer than we would find today.Ancient Romans and Greeks used linen as a valuable commodity, and in Mesopotamia, linen was something owned only by those in higher classes.In Medieval Europe, linen was no longer synonymous with luxury, since the poor (which is to say basically everybody bar royalty) used it for everything, from clothing to fishing nets. But what is flax linen used for today?Though its prevalence has certainly been diluted, linen is still used to make reportedly eco-friendly clothing and home textiles, like sustainable rugs and sustainable bedding.It’s even blended with cotton to make the US dollar bill.But we’re not here to talk about “greenbacks”; we’re here to talk about the green on our backs. In other words: how sustainable is linen?To answer that, we need to start by digging deep into the roots of what is linen made from.2. How Is Linen Made?Image by galina oleksenkoWhere does linen come from? Is linen a natural fiber?It starts with the flax plant, a highly sustainable and hardy annual plant that thrives in cooler climates.Flax plants grow relatively quickly and are known for their minimal need for pesticides and fertilizers, which contributes significantly to linen fabric sustainability.From there, the linen making process begins.1. HarvestingFlax is ready for harvesting when the lower leaves begin to turn yellow and fall off.Yielding the longest possible fibers is very important when it comes to linen. For this reason, hand-harvesting is commonly used to pull up the entire plant, a process called “uprooting”.2. RettingRetting involves exposing the flax stalks to moisture and humidity.Traditionally, this step has been accomplished by soaking raw flax stalks or exposing them to moisture in the field, but these days, manufacturers may use chemicals, which yields a less sustainable linen fabric.This helps break down the pectin that binds the flax fiber to the woody core of the plant.3. Winnowing & ScutchingLike grain, flax seeds must be removed, a process called winnowing. After, the woody stalks are crushed between metal rollers. This “scutching” separates them into longer and shorter portions. The flax fibers are then further combed to remove any remaining impurities.4. SpinningThe extracted flax fibers are then spun into yarn or thread. This can be done using traditional spinning wheels or modern machinery. The resulting thread can vary in thickness depending on its intended use.5. Weaving & FinishingOnce the flax fiber has been extracted and separated, the longest pieces are spun into sustainable yarn and then woven on looms into fabric.If this sounds like a painstaking and laborious process, it is. While mechanization is used in most cases, some linen yarn preparation is still done by hand in the centuries-old traditional manner.3. Is Linen Environmentally Friendly?Image by EILEEN FISHERWhy Is Linen Sustainable?Let’s look first at the planetary pros of the flax plant itself:The time from planting seeds to harvesting is about 100 days. This is one example of how linen is different from cotton, which takes 150 to 180 days.Flax grows well in cool, humid climates and does best in soil that’s moist and well-plowed, like those of Europe. It is thought that Belgian flax is the finest quality flax in the world, but it is also grown in Denmark, the Netherlands, Poland, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and the British Isles.Flax does do well with little water (just rainwater and a little humidity). Only 6.4 liters of water are needed to produce a linen shirt—compared to 2,700 liters for a conventional cotton shirt.Non-organic flax needs few pesticides or fertilizers.The entire flax plant can be used, including the removed seeds, so nothing needs to go to waste. One ton of flax cultivation sequesters roughly 1,158 kg of CO2-equivalents.Post linen production, the yielded versatile fabric has two big benefits as well:Is linen durable?: You bet. Linen durability shines among other natural fibers, meaning it lasts longer than other clothing and upholstery.Is linen biodegradable?: Also yes. When linen does reach the end of its life, it doesn’t need to rot in a landfill. Because linen is a natural fiber, it’s fully compostable (provided toxic chemicals, dye, or synthetic fibers haven’t been added). We don’t want to get (f)lax on painting the whole picture here, so let’s also look at some linen disadvantages from a sustainable fabric standpoint.What Is The Disadvantage Of Linen?While the crop is considered to be a good one for ecosystems and the environment as a whole, improper harvesting techniques may cause soil erosion.The processing of flax fibers into linen fabric can also be resource-intensive, particularly in terms of water and energy consumption. Traditional methods are much more sustainable, but they’re less efficient and thus less frequently used.Additionally, depending on the fiber processor, the retting process can either be done naturally via dew retting (in which linen stalks are simply cut and left outside so that natural moisture softens the fibers), or with chemicals like alkali or oxalic acid.Is Linen Organic?According to Common Objective’s Made-By Environmental Benchmark for Fibers, organically-grown linen is one of the most sustainable fabrics in the world, earning an “A” (the best rating).Non-organic linen gets a “C.” As with cotton, the merits of the plant itself matters far less than how it’s grown.While pesticides and fertilizers aren’t necessary, excess nitrites (fertilizer) have been associated with flax cultivation and water pollution.Flax also doesn’t do well when competing with weeds, so in some cases, herbicides are used.Unfortunately, certified organic linen makes up a paltry percentage of total linen use.While brands like Eileen Fisher and Coyuchi claim to source exclusively organic linen in the coming years, we still have a lot of work to do to make sure this sustainable fiber is really sustainable.So is linen a sustainable fabric?It certainly can be, but its overall sustainability depends on individual processing methods.4. Is Linen Made Ethically?Image by chamillewhiteWe know linen can be sustainable, but is linen ethical?Picking flax by hand for hours on end is hugely labor-intensive—and if the work is not supported with fair trade compliant and safe labor conditions, it can spell human rights abuse. The processing of flax fibers presents some concerns, too, especially when chemicals are used. In order to up your #SustainableFashion game, look for brands who choose GOTS-certified organic linen. Being a seed-to-shelf organic assurance, this lets you know water-only or dew retting was used instead of chemical retting. It also extends to the chemical-free nature of the bleaching and dying process, telling you workers weren’t exposed to chemicals at any stage of the supply chain.Next look for brands that use fair trade labor practices, either with manufacturing certifications or transparency about their wages and worker protections to back them up.5. What Are Linen Material Properties?Image by irina kryvasheinaOne of linen’s biggest boons is its versatility. Linen is naturally breathable, moisture-wicking, antibacterial, resistant to allergens, and temperature regulating.All told, this makes it a desirable choice for clothing, bed sheets, bandages, and much more.Wondering what color is linen?Any color! It also has the ability to hold dye colors better than some other fabrics, which means less dyestuff is needed.What Are The 3 Types Of Linen?Generally, its softness falls somewhere in between hemp and organic cotton, but there’s a lot of variety in the texture of linen. Depending on the thread count, linen can either be coarse and cheap enough for the poorest, or fine enough for the richest to covet.There are three main types:Plain Linen: This is the most common and basic type of linen fabric. It is made from the flax plant’s fibers and is known for its natural, slightly textured appearance. Damask Linen: Damask linen is a luxurious type of linen fabric known for its intricate patterns and smooth, glossy finish. Toweling Linen: As the name suggests, toweling linen is specifically designed for towels and similar absorbent products. It has a dense weave that enhances its absorbency, making it ideal for organic bath towels, dish towels, and cleaning cloths.Linen AdvantagesLet’s talk about the benefits of linen:While most people wouldn’t agree that it’s soft to the touch initially, it gets much softer over time. This aids in linen’s durability, too.Linen is resistant to sunlight, so it won’t break down after long term exposure to the sun (making it good for sustainable curtains) and protects wearers from harmful UV rays.Linen is strong, durable, and does not pill.Since the Middle Ages, linen has been used as a soothing fabric, thanks to its hypoallergenic and antibacterial properties.Linen is thermo-regulating (i.e. keeping us cool in summer and warm in winter). It’s unique! Linen has a natural luster and its irregular fiber bundles give it a texture that is uncommon with other fibers. Linen DisadvantagesSo what is bad about linen from a wearer’s perspective?It isn’t as common as cotton, and certainly isn’t as common as synthetics. Combined with its more intensive manufacturing process, be prepared to pay a little more for linen sheets, clothing, etc. Linen takes the cake for being the most notoriously wrinkly fabric. If you love the feel of linen clothing (but want to look freshly pressed), be prepared to do some ironing. However, don’t expect it to last too long; as the fiber gets softer, it wrinkles less. Like cotton, linen yarn is known for shrinking—especially when washed in warm or hot water—which makes properly caring for your linen materials all the more important.6. How To Care For Linen FabricImage by pundapandaLinen is a durable fabric by nature, which means it’s pretty easy to care for, but there are some things to keep in mind that will help keep your favorite linen wedding guest dress partying for summer after summer.First, to prevent shrinkage, wash linen in cold water using a natural laundry detergent.Do not tumble dry (or if you do, only dry on low part-way). Then hang or lay flat to dry.If you’re worried about those pesky wrinkles, rest assured knowing you can iron linen to your heart’s content. Linen can handle high heat and may also need a bit of spray starch for that crisp, clean look.Be careful how you fold it. If a crease constantly forms in the same area, it can lead to tearing. It’s better to hang linen garb in your minimalist wardrobe.7. Linen Vs. Other Natural FibersImage by capturenowOn our quest for more sustainable fashion, we’ve looked at lots of sustainable fabrics—bamboo fabric, lyocell, cactus leather, fish leather, modal fabric, and more—so how does linen compare to some of these?For example, is linen more sustainable than cotton?Linen Vs Cotton Sustainability & PerformanceIs linen better than cotton fabric?Yes, in a number of ways. Linen fibers are stronger and more durable than cotton (you know, that thing that makes up denim and corduroy?). For anyone obsessed with their new linen towels, there’s more good news in that linen dries much faster than cotton—which is perfect for those who can’t stand the smell of mildew-y bath towels (which is hopefully everyone). Its water-wicking abilities mean that it will just draw in liquid (sweat or water) before drying quickly. Cotton, on the other hand, absorbs moisture rather than wicks, so it can lead to chafing and a soggy bottom during high output activities.While cotton and linen are both hypoallergenic, linen tends to be a better choice for people with allergies. In terms of sustainability, even the worst linen manufacturing far surpasses conventional cotton—AKA the dirtiest crop in the world. This is because linen requires significantly fewer inputs (water, land, and chemicals).While organic cotton cuts out chemicals and uses less land, it still uses more water than linen cultivation.There’s one big drawback to linen compared to cotton fabric. While they’re both natural fabrics derived from plants, flax takes longer to harvest and it’s more difficult to weave the fibers into fabric.While linen is more durable than cotton fibers, the latter is more flexible and provides some additional stretch. For anyone who’s worn both, it’ll come as no surprise that cotton is softer—which is due to the fact that flax fibers are rougher and woven less tightly. Hemp Vs Linen Sustainability & PerformanceAs far as natural fibers are concerned, linen is more comparable to hemp fabric than cotton, since both are lightweight, temperature regulating, UV resistant, and durable. They also both come from low water-intensive, woody plant stalks.The most significant difference is that hemp fibers are even longer than flax ones, 15 feet compared to 3 feet. That means hemp clothing is even more durable than linen, but consequently coarser to the touch.Hemp is also more carbon hungry and generally more sustainable to harvest because the stalks are cut rather than completely uprooted. This both prevents erosion and ensures healthier soil that retains more moisture.8. Brands Using Linen FabricImage by Sustainable JungleSustainable and organic clothing brands are increasingly turning to linen fabric as a key ingredient in their eco-conscious collections. In fact, we’re starting to see far more linen clothing brands and plus size linen fashion brands using the material almost exclusively.Here are some of our favorites:Coyuchi: Coyuchi is known for using some of the best Earth-friendly materials—including organic linen textiles. From scarves to sustainable pajamas, we’d wrap up in them any day. MagicLinen: MagicLinen has been sharing the magic of linen with thousands of worldwide customers. They use OEKO-TEX-certified European flax, a super localized supply chain, and transparent linen production processes to craft their non-toxic shower curtains, bedding, clothing, and more.Linenfox: Their 100% Lithuanian-crafted linen garments include elegant closet staples that are fully made-to-order.Neu Nomads: Between a solar-powered dye house, family-owned fair trade factories, and organic linen cultivation, this brand ensures they offer seed-to-shelf sustainable linen fabrics.Wild Linens: In addition to pre-made products like pillow cases and bow-ties, the offer sustainably made linein fabrics, which is especially sueful for those looking to dabble in making their own linen goods.Did you know we Have a Newsletter?We cover the latest in sustainable living, fashion, zero waste, beauty, travel, finance and more…Sign upFinal Thoughts On What Kind of Material Linen is?Once upon a time, the world’s oldest crafted textile was worn by Mesopotamian royalty and ancient Egyptian mummies.While linen isn’t associated with as much cultural significance today, it’s easy to see why the fabric still ends up in our wardrobes—even after tens of thousands of years.But is flax linen sustainable?As with other sustainable fabrics, we can look at linen fibers on a spectrum of sustainability.The most sustainable linen fabrics, like fair trade and organic linen, are much better for people and the planet than linen textiles that have been manufactured and grown with the use of chemicals, fertilizers, and pesticides.But as consumers, we need to make sure we’re shopping for the best linen available.Are you a linen lover yourself?Plant a flax seed in a friend’s inbox to help us grow the conversation around this wonderful textile.Further Reading9 Best Sustainable Seed Company Purveyors Of Plant-astic BountyUnearthing The Benefits Of CompostingRenewable Energy Sustainability: How Green Is Green Energy?Pin these:1 thought on “What Is Linen Fabric?: Digging To The Roots Of Linen Sustainability” Nerdup.me December 30, 2020 at 3:02 pm Thanks a lot for this very well-written and informative article! I used to know Linen only as an old-style material, but love to see the great new things coming into fashion right now. Thanks for all the background-info ReplyLeave a comment Cancel replyCommentName Email InstagramFacebookPinterestTikTokTwitterABOUTTERMS OF USEEDITORIAL GUIDELINESPRIVACY POLICYSustainable Jungle acknowledges the Bunurong / BoonWurrung people as the Traditional Owners of this country, pays tribute to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in this land, and gives respect to the Elders past, present and emerging. © 2024 Sustainable Jungle | All rights reserved LIFESTYLELIVINGZERO WASTEFASHIONTHRIFTINGBEAUTY & PERSONAL CARETRAVELTECHNOLOGYPODCASTABOUTAboutGIVINGSUBSCRIBEPRIVACY POLICY Close
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>Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Linen
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sustainability
Apr. 14, 2023
Is Linen the Most Sustainable Fabric?
By
Katja Vujić,
a social media editor at the Cut.
She also writes about culture, sustainability, news, wellness, and style.
Photo-Illustration: The Cut; Photos: Retailers, Getty
Linen is my favorite fabric. It’s soft, breathable, and looks great even wrinkled. Growing up, I was taught by my mom to avoid synthetic fabrics; she’d check the tag of every item and treasured linen above all. As an adult, I still check the tags. I followed in her footsteps with a particular partiality for linen — both because of its physical qualities and, as I learned more about sustainability in fashion, its ecological value. In today’s complex, global, fast-fashion-influenced clothing industry, I tend to opt for linen garments and housewares as much as I can afford to, and I always assumed I was making a reasonably ethical and sustainable choice. But am I?
How sustainable is linen really?
From seed to garment, linen checks nearly every sustainability box. It’s a plant-based fabric made from the bast fibers of the flax plant, which is a naturally pest-resistant, drought-tolerant, and regenerative crop. The variations of flax used for linen have a short growth cycle with harvest occurring 80 to 100 days after planting, which means it can be grown in between the growing seasons of other crops. In most climates where flax grows, it requires no irrigation and can be grown with rainfall alone. The production of organic-linen fabrics doesn’t require significant chemical treatment or processing and produces little waste. The flax fiber is extremely strong, which means that linen can last decades with proper care, and when a 100-percent-linen item does reach the end of its life, it’s completely biodegradable.
Let’s get into the history of linen.
Linen is historically one of the most prevalent fabrics, according to Sara Idacavage, a fashion historian, educator, archivist, and Ph.D. candidate in polymer, fiber, and textile sciences at the University of Georgia. “It was so desirable because it was very, very durable. It was something that you could wear for decades,” she says. “We have probate records of people passing their undergarments to their children and grandchildren.”
Flax is not native to the United States. Idacavage says flax farming made its way to North American soil during the colonial era, followed by full-fledged linen production. “It was a way to become independent from Europe,” says Idacavage. “At the same time, to grow flax and produce linen textiles in the United States, that required Indigenous American land to be taken.” Flax grows well in many parts of the U.S. — in the Northeast, across the Rust Belt, and in the Northwest. When cotton production exploded in the 19th century, Idacavage says, the linen industry in the United States slowly declined.
So it’s sustainable. Then why don’t more people wear linen?
Linen is labor intensive and, therefore, expensive. Its history is long (literally the longest) and complicated. There are lots of valid reasons why cottons and synthetics are more popular these days — they’re cheaper and more accessible, easier to dye, and easier to take care of — yet we haven’t cast away linen entirely. In fact, in recent years we’ve seen a linen-aissance as interest in slow fashion and natural and sustainable fabrics has increased. But it’s not just sustainability that has kept the linen industry afloat.
Eulanda A. Sanders, a professor in textiles and clothing and the chief strategist of innovation and entrepreneurship for the College of Human Sciences at Iowa State University, is a huge fan of linen. “It’s breathable, it’s comfortable, its works with your body temperature really well,” she says. “It’s a very friendly, inclusive fiber that works well with other fibers, especially other natural fibers. And it has a nice strength to it, too.” Sanders has herself sewn with linen — and knitted with linen yarn — to great success.
A common complaint about linen is how easily it wrinkles. For Liz Pape — whose slow-fashion brand, Elizabeth Suzann (and its iconic Clyde Work Pants), can be credited with helping to revive linen’s place in fashion — the fabric’s imperfections are part of the draw. “Something I theorized a few years ago is that the comparison of a pristine, perfect material next to human skin highlights the differences,” she says. Basically, any imperfections or unevenness, qualities that all human skin has, stand out next to a more uniform, homogeneously smooth material. Linen, in contrast, has a more dynamic texture. “The fabric has life to it. It always just felt like it fit better on a person. It didn’t call such stark attention to the difference between a man-made material and your skin or your body.”
Is it truly ethical?
Today, flax is primarily grown in Western Europe, in countries such as France, the Netherlands, and Belgium, then processed and milled in Eastern Europe and China. The global nature of linen production today has increased the fabric’s carbon footprint. Inka Apter, Eileen Fisher’s facilitating manager for research and development and a 26-year employee there, has seen firsthand the evolution of the linen supply chain. “When I started, I got to know some of the mills that we were working with from the very beginning,” she says. She watched Western European linen producers transition to weaving in Eastern Europe and bringing the woven fabric back for dyeing and finishing.
In the 2010s, says Apter, much of the machinery used in linen production was being bought and moved from Western Europe to Eastern Europe and China, where most raw flax is now sent to be processed. Eileen Fisher began sourcing linen fabrics from mills in China around 2000, and Pape sources her linen from a Chinese mill as well — a supplier she met at a small trade show at the beginning of her career as a designer, who she trusts and still works with today. The linen Pape buys is Standard 100 certified by OEKO-TEX (though, as a small business, she can’t afford to pay to certify the Elizabeth Suzann brand since OEKO-TEX requires recertification for every step in the supply chain). At Eileen Fisher, Apter now sources 100-percent-organic linen. “Any linen is better than conventional cotton, for sure,” she says. “Organic linen, if you can, is just a step toward this holistic way of looking at the ecosystem.”
It’s hard to overestimate how sustainable linen is at its best. “We have done compost tests on all of our fabric, and all of our linen has completely degraded within two and a half months,” says Pape. So the harmful impact of linen production has more to do with the structure of the supply chain — i.e., shipping costs, unfair labor practices at some facilities, and wasteful practices and harmful chemicals employed to increase production and save time at large-scale facilities. Apter says that, in recent years in Europe, efforts have been made to bring back more localized supply chains. But for those of us based in North America, even the most sustainably produced linen has to be shipped overseas. Fortunately, linen enthusiasts across the U.S. are hoping to change that.
Is any linen at all produced in North America?
There are no mills that can produce linen yet, but there are small-scale farmers trying to revive production. Having worked mostly with fibers such as wool and alpaca, Jess Boeke, co-founder of Rust Belt Fibershed, realized there was a need for a warm-weather-friendly textile in the region. When she met farmer Emily Pek, who primarily grows cut flowers at Frayed Knot Farm, the two decided to collaborate on the Rust Belt Linen Project. Pek cleared a small plot of land to see if she could grow flax. It turned out she could. And though this was primarily an experiment Pek hopes can engage community members to put their energy into circular economies and similar projects, the ultimate dream is to create a small-scale facility to manufacture and produce local linen. “With global-supply-chain issues, it’s gonna be harder and harder to get things,” she says. Boeke believes the project can help convince farmers in the region that flax is a worthwhile crop to rotate between wheat and soy crops.
Farther north, on her farm at the Mountain Heart School of Craft in Vermont, Andrea Myklebust has spent years growing flax to eventually develop local linen production on a small scale. It started when she was living in Minnesota, where she discovered 19th-century tools for processing flax used by Dutch and German immigrants who brought them over. More recently, she partnered with the University of Vermont to expand the project into exploring a fellow bast fiber, hemp. Looking back has helped her look forward. “If I want to be humbled by this material, all I have to do is look at examples of what people were able to do with it a long time ago,” she says.
And then there’s Chico Flax, the passion project of Sandy Fisher, a weaver who got connected with Fibershed in 2012, and Durl Van Alstyne. On their farm in Chico, California, they grow flax as a winter crop — and with the help of students from California State University, they’ve actually been able to process enough flax fiber to create wool-linen and cotton-linen blends of yarn produced entirely in the U.S. Like other farmers, they plan to continue developing their crop and engaging their community until there is enough infrastructure in place for a mill.
The momentum is building, and in September 2022, the North American Linen Association was formed. Annette Herboth, the organization’s board president, says its goal is to develop the necessary infrastructure to bring in machinery and a mill. That means, first and foremost, developing a grading system that members can use to evaluate the quality of their flax from seed to fiber to fabric.
Shannon Welsh, NALA’s board director, is the co-founder of Fibrevolution; she and her co-founder, Angela Wartes-Kahl, are growing flax in Oregon. But instead of being used for fiber, most of their crop is being harvested for seeds since, currently, seed has to be purchased — and shipped — from Europe. It’s nowhere near the first time flax has been grown in Oregon. “I didn’t know we used to be leaders in linen production,” says Welsh. “No one ever talks about it.” In the ’90s and early aughts, a now-defunct program at Oregon State University tried and failed to revive the industry, giving Wartes-Kahl and Welsh a foundation — and a locally patented seed — to work with. They’ve already sold seed to farms and are working on developing new, higher-quality varieties.
Wartes-Kahl and Welsh are convinced now is the time to return local linen production. “We have done it. We did it for 70 years,” says Wartes-Kahl. “All over the country, there were linen facilities at any time between 1900 and to around 1965, so it’s history that’s just under the surface, but people haven’t been looking for it. So Shannon I have done our due diligence to uncover a lot and are convinced that it can come back.”
What should I look for when buying linen now?
If you want to make the most sustainable choices, look for companies that are transparent about their supply chain. Organic, Fairtrade, and OEKO-TEX certifications are good signs, but they’re also expensive to get, so keep that in mind when evaluating smaller businesses.
Below are some of my personal favorites.
.
For bedding and housewares:
Parachute
Bed Threads
Coyuchi
Linoto
.
For clothing:
MATE the Label
Mara Hoffman
Eileen Fisher
Elizabeth Suzann
Chelsea Bravo
.
Ethical and sustainable mills and suppliers:
Växbo Lin, Sweden
Libeco, Belgium
William Clark and Sons, Northern Ireland
Thomas Ferguson, Northern Ireland
Diamond Foam and Fabric, Los Angeles
Merchant and Mills, United Kingdom
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LINEN在剑桥英语词典中的解释及翻译
LINEN在剑桥英语词典中的解释及翻译
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linen 在英语中的意思
linennoun [ U ] uk
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/ˈlɪn.ɪn/ us
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/ˈlɪn.ɪn/
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C2 strong cloth made from the fibres of the flax plant: a linen jacket the crumpled charm of linen
Victor_69/iStock/Getty Images Plus/GettyImages
C2 (also linens [ plural ]) sheets, tablecloths, etc. made from linen or a similar material: bed linen table linen
“SMART 词汇”：相关单词和短语
Textiles made from natural fibres
bamboo
bombazine
burlap
calico
cambric
dimity
distaff
faille
felt
fishnet
nankeen
needlecord
netting
oilskin
organdie
terry
ticking
towelling
tulle
tweed
查看更多结果»
你还可以在这些话题中找到相关的词、词组和同义词：
Bed linen & covers
Table linen & accessories
(linen在剑桥高级学习词典和同义词词典中的解释 © Cambridge University Press)
linen | 美式英语词典
linennoun us
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/ˈlɪn·ən/
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strong cloth that is woven from plant fibers: [ U ] a linen jacket
(linen在剑桥学术词典中的解释 © Cambridge University Press)
linen的例句
linen
The re-exports were generally of colonially produced food-stuffs - tobacco, coffee, sugar, rice and tea - although various manufactured calicoes, linens and silks were also re-exported.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
On this should be placed white linens, a glass of water, a monstrance, and candles.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The purchase and use of linens and cottons, along with regular laundering, became a normal facet of dress among all but the very poor.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Gone now is the stylized shroud, for here we see a naturalistic figure, almost a portrait, wrapped in a very convincing linen sheet.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The quality of the linen varied among the social ranks.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Most of the labourers also wove linen for him.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
There is no trace of a cartoon remaining on the linen and no evidence of what form an original design might have taken.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Dispensing with fermentation saved time and money - less linen was lost and more ended up as the substance of sheets.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
There is a frequent laundry collection at the hotel, which suggests that all linen is changed on a daily basis.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The paupers confined in hospitals and almshouses were often obliged to wear institutional clothing which was made from coarse cloths, linen and hemp.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The monks wore coarse linen habits which surely blended harmoniously with the surrounding natural tones.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Here the number of male weavers - mostly of linen - had declined, and this presumably led to the loss of employment in spinning.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Most clothes were of woven wool or linen, and the richest people even had silk garments.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The cotton and linen industries developed both putting-out structures and artisan industry, and soon the most widespread and rapid transition to factory production.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
We know that fine linens have been made in that country since early times.
来自 Hansard archive
该例句来自Hansard存档。包含以下议会许可信息开放议会许可v3.0
查看linen的所有示例
示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。
包含linen的固定搭配
linen
这些词常常与linen一起使用。点击固定搭配，查看更多示例。
dirty linenIt was the usual procedure, about once a week, to wash their dirty linen in public.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
fine linenWhy cannot they dress themselves in purple and fine linen?
来自 Hansard archive
该例句来自Hansard存档。包含以下议会许可信息开放议会许可v3.0
household linenThat did not allow for the renewal of household linen, clothes or shoes.
来自 Hansard archive
该例句来自Hansard存档。包含以下议会许可信息开放议会许可v3.0
示例均来自剑桥英语语料库及网络资源。示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。
查阅所有包含linen的固定搭配
linen的发音是什么？
C2,C2
linen的翻译
中文（繁体）
亞麻布, （桌布、床單等）亞麻製品, 仿亞麻製品…
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中文（简体）
亚麻布, （桌布、床单等）亚麻制品, 仿亚麻制品…
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西班牙语
lino, ropa de cama, mantelería…
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linho, roupa de cama/mesa, linho [masculine]…
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लिनन, तागाचे कापड, लिननपासून बनवलेल्या चादरी…
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リンネル, リネン（シーツ、テーブルカバーなどの総称）, 亜麻布（あまぬの）…
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keten, keten bezi, masa…
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lin [masculine], linge [masculine] de maison, (de) lin…
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lli, roba…
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linnen, -linnen…
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ஆளிச் செடியின் இழைகளிலிருந்து தயாரிக்கப்படும் வலுவான துணி, கைத்தறி அல்லது ஒத்த பொருட்களால் செய்யப்பட்ட தாள்கள், மேஜை துணி போன்றவை…
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(फ्लैक्स पौधे से बना एक कपड़ा) लिनन, लिनन के बेडशीट, टेबलक्लॉथ आदि…
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અળસીના રેસાનું કાપડ, લિનન, લિનન કાપડમાંથી બનેલું…
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hør, hør-, linned…
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linne[väv], linne…
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kain linen, linen…
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das Leinen, Leinen-…, die Wäsche…
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lin [neuter], dekketøy [neuter], lin…
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کتان کا بنا ہوا کپڑا, لینن, لینن کی چادر…
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лляне полотно, білизна…
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льняное полотно, постельное и столовое белье…
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అవిసె మొక్క పోగుల నుండి తయారు చేయబడిన బలమైన బట్ట, లినెన్ / నార లేదా అటువంటిదే మరొక పదార్థంతో తయారు చేయబడే దుప్పట్లు, టేబుల్ మీద వేసే బట్టలు మొదలైనవి…
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كِتّان, بَياضات…
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লিনেন, চাদর, তোয়ালে…
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len, lněný, (stolní…
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linen…
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ผ้าลินิน…
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vải lanh, đồ vải lanh…
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płótno, bielizna (pościelowa lub stołowa ), bielizna…
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리넨…
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lino, biancheria, di lino…
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lineback
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lined
lineman
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linen basket
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linen的更多意思
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bed linen
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“每日一词”
veggie burger
UK
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/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɜː.ɡər/
US
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/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɝː.ɡɚ/
a type of food similar to a hamburger but made without meat, by pressing together small pieces of vegetables, seeds, etc. into a flat, round shape
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Forget doing it or forget to do it? Avoiding common mistakes with verb patterns (2)
March 06, 2024
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What is Linen? Everything You Need to Know About Linen Fabrics
What is Linen? Everything You Need to Know About Linen Fabrics
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What is Linen? Everything You Need to Know About Linen Fabrics
By
Marshall Bright
Marshall Bright
Marshall Bright is a freelance lifestyle writer and home décor expert for MyDomaine with over 10 years of experience. She is based in Nashville, Tennessee. Bright has covered everything from design to health to food for websites like Apartment Therapy, Refinery29, InStyle, and SheKnows.
MyDomaine's Editorial Guidelines
Updated on Mar 23, 2021
House of Harvee
In This Article
Why You Should Choose Linen
How to Keep Linen Looking Good
Incorporating Linen Into Your Home
Linen has been used in the home for so long, it’s turned into a generic term for bedding and towels. But the real thing is far more specific: true linen describes fabric made from the flax plant. The flax fibers used to make linen are long, resulting in a very different fabric than cotton, explains Jessica Mason, founder of Piglet, a direct-to-consumer homewares company, specializing in high-quality linens.
Meet the Expert
Jessica Mason is the founder of Piglet, a homewares brand that specializes in high-quality linens. She started the company in 2017.
Linen fabrics are durable and typically last longer than cotton fabrics made from shorter fibers. The longer fibers also make linen heavier and stiffer but also incredibly breathable. Linen also softens over time, and the construction makes it very durable and resistant to tearing. Here's everything you need to know about this versatile fabric.
Why Choose Linen?
Because linen requires little fertilizer and can grow using mainly rainwater, unlike cotton which is a ‘thirsty’ crop, it’s typically made in a very sustainable way, says Mason. Linen is actually considered a “carbon sink,” or something that absorbs more carbon than it releases. (Both cotton and linen, however, take far less energy to produce than synthetic fabrics.)
Linen products also tend to be more expensive than similar items made from materials like polyester and cotton since its labor-intensive to produce. But since linen typically outlasts other fabrics, it’s an investment-worthy option that you can enjoy in your home for as long as 30 years.
10 Eco-Friendly Swaps to Make Your Home a Cleaner, Greener Place
How to Keep Linen Looking Good
Anne Sage
Linen is also relatively easy to care for. It can be machine-washed on either hot or cold and tumble-dried, something that Mason notes helps speed up the softening process. Regular detergent and stain treatments are fine, though you should avoid bleach, even on white linen fabrics.
Even out of the dryer, linen will often look wrinkly and may also wrinkle easily with use. Again, this is due to the stiffer construction. If you must, you can iron linen fabrics, though you have to keep it damp as you do so. But many linen devotees love the wrinkled look. Because linen is such a timeless fabric, a nicely rumpled linen bedspread or tablecloth feels both classic and laid-back.
How to Bring Linen Into Your Home
While linen is often synonymous with, of course, our bed linens, there are many ways to incorporate the fabric into your home decor. You can find linen undyed in a variety of natural colors, but even dyed fabrics in deeper or brighter hues often still have an organic feel that matches linen’s relaxed look. Whether you choose bright pops of rich color or muted neutrals, a well-cared-for linen piece can become a part of your home for years to come.
In the Bedroom
Pure Salt Interiors
The obvious way to use linen in the bedroom is, of course, as bedding: Linen sheets, quilts, and duvets. Mason explains that the breathability of linen makes it excellent for bedding, “It helps to keep our body temperature very consistent while we sleep,” she says, “No night sweats!”
This makes it great for summer, but heavier linen will also keep you plenty warm in winter. Linen also doesn’t have that crisp, cool feel of cotton sheets, which may sound like a drawback but consider this: When you jump in bed on a cold winter’s night, sheets won’t feel cold to the touch, either. And, again, linen resists rips and tears, making it an excellent choice for one of our most-used fabrics.
If you like the look of linen but want to stick with cotton sheets, you can also opt for a linen duvet, blanket, or even a few throw pillows into your bedding.
The Most Comfortable, Lived-In Linen Sheets You Can Buy
In the Living Room
Bespoke Only
When looking beyond bedding, you may have to do a little research before buying decor that claims to be ‘linen.’ For example, ‘linen weave’ couches are often linen-polyester blends or 100% polyester that just resembles linen’s woven construction. Linen can also be used to describe a color that resembles natural, undyed linen, so a linen sisal rug, for example, is likely another material altogether. These aren’t necessarily bad things -- things inspired by the look and color of linen can look great, but you do want to be aware of when you’re getting the real deal vs. something simply inspired by the fabric.
If you want to add real linen to your living space, pillows and throw blankets are a great option. Mason points out linen curtains also look great: it feels relaxed and still allows some diffuse natural light to fill the space. Like with linen bedding, all these items are machine-washable and easy to care for.
In the Kitchen
Naked Kitchens
Eating and cooking have gotten more and more laid back over the years. Few people expect fine china at dinner parties, and no one wants to waste time polishing silver. Linen napkins and tablecloth perfectly match the modern approach to dining: unfussy but still elevated. Adding a linen runner to a table, or even wrapping up fresh bread in a linen cloth, can make any ordinary meal feel fancy but not stuffy.
Other popular uses for linen in the kitchen include aprons, placemats, and oven mitts. Linen can also be more than a pretty face: linen can be an alternative to single-use products. Linen produce bags, for example, can hold food at the grocery store and in the fridge. Linen bread bags are an alternative to storing bakery-fresh bread in paper bags. The porous material wicks away moisture, keeping bread fresher longer.
Whatever you use linen for in the kitchen, you can know it will look good while still being easy to care for—simply throw it in the wash, dry, and use again, no need to worry about dry cleaning or ironing.
The Best Linen Décor Pieces for a Dreamy, Casual Look
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